Pentingnya Organisme Tanah
Beberapa fungsi penting dari organism tanah (biota) adalah:
Fungsi-fungsi | Organisme yang terlibat |
Memelihara struktur tanah | Bioturbating invertebrates and plant roots; mycorrhizae and some other micro-organisms |
Regulasi proses hidrologis | Most bioturbating invertebrates and plant roots |
Pertukaran gas dan sequestration karbon (akumulasi dalam tanah) | Mostly micro-organisms and plant roots; some C protected in large compact biogenic invertebrate aggregates |
Detoksifikasi tanah | Mostly micro-organisms |
Siklus unsure hara | Mostly micro-organisms and plant roots; some soil- and litter-feeding invertebrates |
Dekomposisi bahan organic | Various saprophytic and litter-feeding invertebrates (detritivores); fungi; bacteria; actinomycetes and other micro-organisms |
Mengendalikan gangguan hama-parasit-penyakit | Plants; mycorrhizae and other fungi; nematodes; bacteria and various other micro-organisms; collembolan; earthworms; various predators |
Sumber makanan dan obat-obatan | Plant roots; various insects (crickets; beetle larvae; ants; termites); earthworms; vertebrates; micro-organisms and their by-products |
Hubungan Symbiotic dan asymbiotic dengan tanaman dan akarnya | Rhizobia; mycorrhizae; actinomycetes; diazotrophic bacteria and various other rhizosphere micro-organisms; ants |
Mengontrol pertumbuhan tanaman (positive dan negative) | Direct effects: plant roots; rhizobia; mycorrhizae; actinomycetes; pathogens; phytoparasitic nematodes; rhizophagous insects; plant-growth promoting rhizosphere micro-organisms; biocontrol agents Indirect effects: most soil biota |
Mikroba tanah sangat penting bagi pertumbuhan tanaman. Mereka memperbanyak diri dan aktif membantu penyediaan unsure hara bagi tanaman melalui proses simbiosis dengan jalan melepaskan unsur hara yang “terikat” menjadi bentuk yang tersedia bagi akar tanaman. Mikroba tanah ini juga mempunyai peran aktif melindungi tanaman melawan penyakit “soil-borne diseases”.
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