PHARMACEUTICAL INGREDIENTS LOADED IN THE NANOPARTICLE DELIVERY SYSTEMS
One of
the properties to be taken into consideration for a successful nanoparticle
drug delivery system is its high loading capacity. This feature is necessary to reduce the volume of the carrier
molecules required for administration. The loading of pharmaceutical ingredient
in the delivery systems can be performed by two methods: i) Incorporation
method: Integrate the drug at the time of nanoparticles production or
polymerization in the presence of the drug. This technique is known as
incorporation method. ii) Adsorption method:
in this method, adsorbing the drug by particles can be performed by
incubation in solution.
Drug adsorption is
depended on the affinity of the drug to the polymer dispersed in the polymer
matrix in the form of a solid solution (123).
It has been recorded that the majority of drugs are being entrapped by the
incorporation method (124, 125). Additionally, other than the above two
methods, another new method of drug loading was proposed by Yoo et al. (126)
for the water-soluble drugs. In this method, drug was placed into nanoparticles
where doxorubicin-loaded PLGA
nanoparticles were prepared for the experiment.
Drug loading is
related with the amount of drug bound per mass (generally moles of drug per mg
nanocarrier) and represented on a percentage
basis. Drug loading is influenced by the type of surface-active materials and
stabilizers (127) present. The adsorption of unlike psycho-pharmacological
agents onto NPs of poly (isobutylcyanoacrylate), PIBCA, has been studied using
different pH range (128). However, several studies demonstrated that the
employment of ionic interface between the drug and matrix materials is one of
the successful ways to boost the drug loading (129, 130). The ionic interaction is inversely relative to the
distance between the two charged atoms, and also related to the nature of the
environment. This enhances the effect of an ionic interaction. This interaction
seems to be most important
preliminary interaction as the drug enters the binding site. One example
is mesoporous nano materials. It was found that
mesoporous SBA-15 is more significant for the adsorption and release of BSA.
This is because of the equilibrium of electrostatic interaction and hydrophilic
interface between BSA and SBA-15 (256).
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