Cacar Monyet vs Cacar Air

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Cacar Monyet

Monkeypox adalah penyakit zoonosis virus yang disebabkan oleh virus monkeypox yang termasuk dalam genus Orthopoxvirus dari famili Poxviridae. Cacar monyet biasanya muncul secara klinis dengan demam, ruam, dan pembengkakan kelenjar getah bening dan dapat menyebabkan berbagai komplikasi medis. Rasio kematian kasus Monkeypox adalah sekitar 3-6%.

Diagnosis banding klinis monkeypox termasuk penyakit pembentuk ruam lainnya seperti cacar air, campak, infeksi kulit bakteri, kudis, sifilis, dan alergi terkait pengobatan.

Monkeypox menyebabkan limfadenopati (pembengkakan kelenjar getah bening) selama tahap prodromal penyakit, gambaran klinis ini membantu membedakan monkeypox dari cacar air atau cacar.

Virus cacar monyet membawa banyak kesamaan dengan virus cacar tetapi menyebabkan penyakit ringan yang sembuh sendiri. Cacar monyet biasanya kurang menular daripada cacar.

Cacar adalah penyakit serius yang disebabkan oleh virus variola. Pada tahun 1980, Majelis Kesehatan Dunia mendeklarasikan pemberantasan cacar dari penyakit cacar. Satu-satunya sisa virus ini adalah stok yang disimpan di Pusat Pengendalian dan Pencegahan Penyakit (AS) dan di Pusat Penelitian Negara Virologi dan Bioteknologi (Rusia).

Cacar Air

Cacar air adalah infeksi kulit virus yang sangat menular yang disebabkan oleh virus varicella-zoster milik keluarga Herpesviridae. Infeksi primer virus varicella-zoster disebut cacar air. Reaktivasi virus di kemudian hari menyebabkan herpes zoster (herpes zoster).

Cacar air dan cacar monyet memiliki beberapa gejala tetapi ada beberapa perbedaan utama antara kedua penyakit ini. Beberapa perbedaan utama (dan persamaan) antara cacar monyet dan cacar air ditabulasikan di bawah ini;

	Monkeypox	Chickenpox
Etiological agent	Monkeypox is caused by the monkeypox virus, a member of the Orthopoxvirus genus in the family Poxviridae.	Chickenpox is caused by the varicella-zoster virus, one of the members of the Herpesvirus family.
Host	Monkeypox is a viral zoonotic disease. Animal hosts include a range of rodents and non-human primates.	Non-zoonotic Humans are the only reservoir
Transmission	Humans get monkeypox through close contact with an infected person or animal (such as contact with lesions, body fluids, or respiratory droplets), or with material contaminated with the virus such as bedding.	Transmission of chickenpox occurs via droplets, aerosols, or direct contact with respiratory secretions of infected individuals.
Structure of the virus	An enveloped double-stranded DNA virus	An enveloped double-stranded DNA virus
Disease prevalence	Rare	Common
Incubation period	The incubation period of monkeypox is usually from 6 to 13 days but can range from 5 to 21 days.	10-21 days
Distribution of rash	Monkeypox rash tends to be more concentrated on the face and extremities rather than on the trunk.	The rash in chickenpox is denser over the trunk and almost never found on the palms or soles (centripetal distribution of rashes).
Appearance of rash	Monkeypox rash evolves sequentially from macules (lesions with a flat base) to papules (slightly raised firm lesions), vesicles (lesions filled with clear fluid), pustules (lesions filled with yellowish fluid), and crusts that dry up and fall off.	Chickenpox rashes appear in multiple crops such as maculopapular, vesicles (fluid-filled blisters), and scabs can be found in one area at the same time. The vesicle is surrounded by an erythematous halo that has been poetically described as a “dewdrop on a rose petal”.
Laboratory Diagnosis	Detection of monkeypox virus from skin lesions (vesicles and pustules, and dry crusts) using Polymerase chain reaction (PCR).	Detection of VZV in skin lesions (vesicles, scabs, maculopapular lesions) using polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
Case fatality rate	The case fatality ratio (CFR) of monkeypox has historically ranged from 0 to 11 % in the general population. Currently, the CFR has been around 3-6%.	The fatality rate for varicella was approximately 1 per 100,000 cases among children aged 1 through 14 years.
Vaccine	Smallpox vaccination is 85% effective at preventing monkeypox. Prior smallpox vaccination may result in milder illness.	Varicella vaccine is available to prevent chickenpox. Two doses of chickenpox vaccines are 90% effective at preventing chickenpox.