Bread Molds: (Zygomycota)
A
two-week old plate culture of Phycomyces
is available for examination. This organism is a zygomycete fungus. DO NOT OPEN THE CULTURE! Examine through the lid of your culture with
the dissecting microscope.
Your culture will likely show
asexual reproduction; notice the obvious, sporangia
borne at the ends of upright branches of the coenocytic mycelium. These contain
or produce a great many, small, spores
which are easily wind distributed (DO NOT OPEN
THE CULTURE)! These spores may
contaminate the building and cause allergic reactions in some persons). The
upright sporangiophores may be
connected to each other by stolons
and to the medium by rhizoids. Most
of these species are heterothallic,
so two strains are required for successful sexual reproduction. This Potato
Dextrose Agar (PDA) plate has the + and – mating types inoculated at opposite
edges of the plate (note the markings on the bottom of the plate).
Examine the plate culture under
the dissecting microscope. Check the edges where most of the mycelium is of one
mating type. Then compare mid-way across the plate where the two mating types
have converged. Where the two strains have grown together, you may be able to
observe a line composed of structures called zygospores. In the zygomycetes, hyphae of the two strains contact each other and the hyphal tips
each divide off to form a gamete
cell. The two gamete cells, which are in contact, fuse to form the zygote. The zygote develops a thick, sometimes
dark wall, and enters a resting period as a zygospore. Meiosis occurs inside
this resting spore or inside a sporangium that grows out of it.
In the
space below, illustrate what you have found of the life cycle of this
zygomycete. If you cannot find both sexual and asexual reproductive structures,
ask the instructor what to do about that. Be sure to connect the words to the
appropriate structures with lines!
Life Cycle of Phycomyces (8 points)
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