Violation of neuron activity when changing the processes of intracellular signaling
After perceptual signal receptor (neurotransmitter
receptor binding, hormone, etc.) Occurs in the neuron chain cascade of
metabolic processes that provide the necessary activity of the neuron. The
important role played in these processes, so-called reinforcing or launchers,
and enzymes produced under their influence intermediary substance second
messengers.
The set of cascaded membrane processes and
intracellular amplification of the endogenous neuron system that can provide
multiple input gain and an increase in its effect on the output of the neuron.
Thus, a cascade of metabolic processes adenylate cyclase pathway can enhance
the effect of the stimulus 107-108 times. This enables the identification and
implementation of a weak signal, which is of particular importance in the
context of pathology, in violation of synaptic.
Many changes in the functions of a neuron
associated with the action of pathogenic agents on specific units of
intracellular signaling systems. Pharmacological correction of neuron activity
and the effects of therapeutic agents also are implemented through appropriate
changes in these systems. For example, cholera and pertussis toxins act on the
processes associated with the activity of membrane G-protein adenylate cyclase
activating or depressing. Xanthines (theophylline, caffeine) are responsible
for the accumulation of cAMP, which leads to increased activity of the neuron.
Under the action of a number of anticonvulsants (eg diphenylhydantoin, carbamazepine,
benzodiazepines) and psychotropic drugs (eg, triftazine) inhibited
phosphorylation of proteins different ways, which reduces neuronal activity.
Lithium ions are used in the treatment of certain endogenous psychoses,
impaired system operation phosphoinositol. With enhanced Ca2 + entry associated
epileptization neurons, blockade of Ca2 + entry antagonists suppress seizure
activity.
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