Violation of neuron activity when changing the processes of intracellular signaling

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After perceptual signal receptor (neurotransmitter receptor binding, hormone, etc.) Occurs in the neuron chain cascade of metabolic processes that provide the necessary activity of the neuron. The important role played in these processes, so-called reinforcing or launchers, and enzymes produced under their influence intermediary substance second messengers.

The set of cascaded membrane processes and intracellular amplification of the endogenous neuron system that can provide multiple input gain and an increase in its effect on the output of the neuron. Thus, a cascade of metabolic processes adenylate cyclase pathway can enhance the effect of the stimulus 107-108 times. This enables the identification and implementation of a weak signal, which is of particular importance in the context of pathology, in violation of synaptic.

Many changes in the functions of a neuron associated with the action of pathogenic agents on specific units of intracellular signaling systems. Pharmacological correction of neuron activity and the effects of therapeutic agents also are implemented through appropriate changes in these systems. For example, cholera and pertussis toxins act on the processes associated with the activity of membrane G-protein adenylate cyclase activating or depressing. Xanthines (theophylline, caffeine) are responsible for the accumulation of cAMP, which leads to increased activity of the neuron. Under the action of a number of anticonvulsants (eg diphenylhydantoin, carbamazepine, benzodiazepines) and psychotropic drugs (eg, triftazine) inhibited phosphorylation of proteins different ways, which reduces neuronal activity. Lithium ions are used in the treatment of certain endogenous psychoses, impaired system operation phosphoinositol. With enhanced Ca2 + entry associated epileptization neurons, blockade of Ca2 + entry antagonists suppress seizure activity.