CLASSIFICATION OF DIABETES
WHO Expert Committee on DM has developed a
classification that is constantly updated and refined. It is isolated primary
and secondary forms of diabetes.
The primary forms of
diabetes
The primary form of diabetes characterized by the
absence of the patient any certain diseases secondarily lead to the development
of diabetes. There are two primary kinds of diabetes:
- Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM);
- Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM).
The concept of "IDDM" means:
- The absolute insulin deficiency.
- The need for constant use of insulin.
- A real threat to the development of ketoacidosis.
Patients with IDDM prescribe a dose of insulin,
which is needed to maintain an optimum level of CPC. Cancel or insulin
deficiency causes them ketoacidosis.
The term "NIDDM" refers to forms of
diabetes due to insulin deficiency effects under normal or even elevated levels
of the hormone in the blood.
- The function of the pancreatic β-cells partially or fully preserved.
- The majority of patients do not require a mandatory introduction of
insulin.
- Disorders of the body's vital functions develop relatively slowly.
- NIDDM is at least 80% of all diabetes cases.
Secondary forms of diabetes
Secondary forms of diabetes are characterized by
the presence of the patient to any underlying disease or condition that damage
the pancreas, as well as the effect on her physical or chemical factors. This
leads to the occurrence of diabetes. Such diseases, pathological conditions and
factors include:
- Diseases affecting pancreatic tissue (eg, pancreatitis).
- Other disorders of the endocrine system (eg, multiple endocrine
adenomatosis family).
- The impact on the pancreas to chemical or physical agents.
Diabetes mellitus type I and
II
In earlier classifications isolated diabetes types
I and II. These designations initially used interchangeably with IDDM and
NIDDM, respectively. Modern experts believe this approach is not entirely
correct. This is because, for example, patients with NIDDM can also be
purchased from insulin dependency. With its lack they develop ketoacidosis,
coma-prone (eg, it is observed in many patients without obesity, with blood on
the AT to the β-cells of the islets of Langerhans).
- The term "Type I diabetes" is used to refer to those variants
main pathogenetic link of which was immune (immunoagressive) mechanism. Type I
diabetes is seen in 10-15% of patients suffering from diabetes.
- The term «II diabetes Type" recommended the use of that form of
diabetes, the pathogenesis of which is not included as a cause of the immune
mechanism. Type II diabetes diagnosed in more than 85% of patients with
diabetes.
Thus, diabetes is caused by a deficiency of
insulin (i.e., resulting hypoinsulinism or absolute insulin deficiency) or
insufficient effects of insulin in its normal, or even elevated levels in blood
plasma.
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