CLASSIFICATION OF DIABETES

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WHO Expert Committee on DM has developed a classification that is constantly updated and refined. It is isolated primary and secondary forms of diabetes.

The primary forms of diabetes

The primary form of diabetes characterized by the absence of the patient any certain diseases secondarily lead to the development of diabetes. There are two primary kinds of diabetes:

- Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM);

- Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM).

The concept of "IDDM" means:

- The absolute insulin deficiency.

- The need for constant use of insulin.

- A real threat to the development of ketoacidosis.

Patients with IDDM prescribe a dose of insulin, which is needed to maintain an optimum level of CPC. Cancel or insulin deficiency causes them ketoacidosis.

The term "NIDDM" refers to forms of diabetes due to insulin deficiency effects under normal or even elevated levels of the hormone in the blood.

- The function of the pancreatic β-cells partially or fully preserved.

- The majority of patients do not require a mandatory introduction of insulin.

- Disorders of the body's vital functions develop relatively slowly.

- NIDDM is at least 80% of all diabetes cases.

Secondary forms of diabetes

Secondary forms of diabetes are characterized by the presence of the patient to any underlying disease or condition that damage the pancreas, as well as the effect on her physical or chemical factors. This leads to the occurrence of diabetes. Such diseases, pathological conditions and factors include:

- Diseases affecting pancreatic tissue (eg, pancreatitis).

- Other disorders of the endocrine system (eg, multiple endocrine adenomatosis family).

- The impact on the pancreas to chemical or physical agents.

Diabetes mellitus type I and II

In earlier classifications isolated diabetes types I and II. These designations initially used interchangeably with IDDM and NIDDM, respectively. Modern experts believe this approach is not entirely correct. This is because, for example, patients with NIDDM can also be purchased from insulin dependency. With its lack they develop ketoacidosis, coma-prone (eg, it is observed in many patients without obesity, with blood on the AT to the β-cells of the islets of Langerhans).

- The term "Type I diabetes" is used to refer to those variants main pathogenetic link of which was immune (immunoagressive) mechanism. Type I diabetes is seen in 10-15% of patients suffering from diabetes.

- The term «II diabetes Type" recommended the use of that form of diabetes, the pathogenesis of which is not included as a cause of the immune mechanism. Type II diabetes diagnosed in more than 85% of patients with diabetes.

Thus, diabetes is caused by a deficiency of insulin (i.e., resulting hypoinsulinism or absolute insulin deficiency) or insufficient effects of insulin in its normal, or even elevated levels in blood plasma.